history of computers.

History of computers has many generation and gadgets that has used.

                                                                                                  Computers as we know them today     have progressed greatly over thousands of years. From the first counting and adding machine to the use of paper memory, computers continue to grow with technology. Who will know what they will be like in another hundred of years? And who will be the successful one who will continue the technology years?

Below are the following gadgets and persons that were used in the early years:

ABACUS

• is the oldest known form of computing.
• users moved beads to perform calculations; each column represented a different multiple of ten.

PASCALINE

• Blaise Pascal was the inventor of the first digital computer, called the Pascaline.
• it was used hand-spun mechanical wheels to input numbers, then outputted them as the answer.

STEP RECKONER
is the improvement on Pascal's machine.
DIFFERENCE ENGINE
was a mechanical calculator that operated automatically that was made by CHARLES BABBAGE.
ANALYTICAL ENGINE
was the first fully-automatic calculating machine that was constructed by a British computer pioneer CHARLES BABBAGE.
PUNCHED CARDS-TABULATING MACHINE
it was the first punched card machine in 1890's more than a hundred years ago.
it was used to read data and store for the future years.
THE FIRST GENERATION- VACUUM TUBES
Characteristics of 1st generation computers

• computers are big and clumsy.
• electricity consumption is high.
• regularly occurred Electric  failure.
• large air conditioners are regularly used.
• batch processing.
• so0lve prob;ems slowly (one at a time).
• used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums for memory.

SECOND GENERATION- TRANSISTORS

• smaller.
• no warming up time.
• less energy and heat.
• faster and more reliable.
• uses binary tape and magnetic core.

THE THIRD GENERATION-INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

• used SILICON CHIPS that are called SEMI-CONDUCTORS.
• increased speed and efficiency.
• used keyboard, mouse and OS applicators.
• reliability, compactness and low cost.
• power consumption is less.
• high-level languages appeared.

FOURTH GENERATION (and present)-MICROPROCESSORS

• integrated circuits are smaller and faster.
• had developed IBM and APPLE.
• had developed portable computers.
• had a great development in data communication.
• had a different types of secondary memory with high storagecapacity and fast access .t